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Stovall J. Bipolar disorder in adults: Pharmacotherapy for acute mania and hypomania. Related Bipolar disorder and alcoholism: Are they related? Bipolar in children Bipolar medications and weight gain Bipolar treatment: I vs. II Show more related content.
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. Learn more about this top honor. Even if it does, it may be hard to sustain attention or follow through with plans. This can make it difficult to follow a project through to the end.
According to the International Bipolar Association, symptoms vary between individuals. For some people, an episode can last for several months or years. Hypomania and mania are elevated moods. Mania is more intense than hypomania. Symptoms can include :. Some people with bipolar disorder may spend a lot of money, use recreational drugs, consume alcohol, and participate in dangerous and inappropriate activities. For more on the differences between mania and hypomania, click here.
What are the early signs of bipolar disorder in children and teens? During an episode of bipolar depression , a person may experience:. In severe cases, the individual may think about ending their life, and they may act on those thoughts. Is it bipolar disorder or depression? Find out more. They may have trouble differentiating between fantasy and reality. According to the International Bipolar Foundation , psychosis symptoms during a high include hallucinations, which involve hearing or seeing things that are not there and delusions, which are false but strongly felt beliefs.
A person who experiences delusions may believe they are famous, have high-ranking social connections, or have special powers. Bipolar disorder can also affect memory.
Learn more here. A person may receive a diagnosis of one of three broad types of bipolar disorder. According to NAMI , symptoms occur on a spectrum, and the distinction between the types is not always clear-cut. Bipolar II disorder involves periods of hypomania, but depression is often the dominant state.
A person with hypomania may feel good and function well, but their mood will not be stable, and there is a risk that depression will follow. People sometimes think of bipolar II disorder as a milder version. For many, however, it is simply different. As NAMI indicate, people with bipolar II disorder may experience more frequent episodes of depression than people with bipolar I disorder. It involves hypomania and depression, but the changes are less intense. Learn more about the bipolar spectrum.
A medical professional will diagnose bipolar disorder using criteria set out in the DSM The National Institue of Mental Health NIMH explain that in order to receive a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, a person must have had symptoms for at least 7 days , or less if symptoms were severe enough to need hospitalization. They may also have had a depressive episode lasting at least 2 weeks. To receive a diagnosis of bipolar II, a person will have experienced at least one cycle of hypomania and depression.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. However, research suggests that there is no single cause. Instead, a combination of factors may contribute to bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder often runs in families, and research suggests that this is mostly explained by heredity—people with certain genes are more likely to develop bipolar disorder than others. Many genes are involved, and no one gene can cause the disorder.
But genes are not the only factor. Some studies of identical twins have found that even when one twin develops bipolar disorder, the other twin may not. Although people with a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the disorder themselves, most people with a family history of bipolar disorder will not develop the illness.
Researchers are learning that the brain structure and function of people with bipolar disorder may be different from the brain structure and function of people who do not have bipolar disorder or other psychiatric disorders.
Learning about the nature of these brain changes helps doctors better understand bipolar disorder and may in the future help predict which types of treatment will work best for a person with bipolar disorder.
At this time, diagnosis is based on symptoms rather than brain imaging or other diagnostic tests. A psychiatrist or other mental health professional diagnoses bipolar disorder based on the symptoms, lifetime course, and experiences of the individual.
Some people have bipolar disorder for years before it is diagnosed. This may be because:. Treatment helps many people, even those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. Doctors treat bipolar disorder with medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of treatments. Certain medications can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Some people may need to try several different medications and work with their doctor before finding the ones that work best.
The most common types of medications that doctors prescribe include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. Mood stabilizers such as lithium can help prevent mood episodes or reduce their severity when they occur. Lithium also decreases the risk for suicide.
Additional medications that target sleep or anxiety are sometimes added to mood stabilizers as part of a treatment plan. Talk with your doctor or a pharmacist to understand the risks and benefits of each medication. Report any concerns about side effects to your doctor right away. Avoid stopping medication without talking to your doctor first. Psychotherapy can offer support, education, skills, and strategies to people with bipolar disorder and their families.
Psychotherapy often is used in combination with medications; some types of psychotherapy e. Not much research has been conducted on herbal or natural supplements and how they may affect bipolar disorder. Talk to your doctor before taking any supplement. Certain medications and supplements taken together can cause serious side effects or life-threatening drug reactions.
However, there are tools and resources available that may help you find a provider or treatment. You can also:. This service is available to everyone. All calls are free and confidential. Living with bipolar disorder can be challenging, but there are ways to help make it easier for yourself, a friend, or a loved one. Remember, bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness, but long-term, ongoing treatment can help control symptoms and enable you to live a healthy life.
The National Institute of Mental Health NIMH conducts and supports research on bipolar disorder that increases our understanding of its causes and helps develop new treatments. Researchers continue to study genetics and bipolar disorder, brain function, and symptoms in children and teens who have bipolar disorder, as well as family history in health and behavior.
Clinical research is medical research that involves people like you. People volunteer to participate in carefully conducted investigations that ultimately uncover better ways to treat, prevent, diagnose, and understand human disease.
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